Abstract
Introduction
Distraction methods such as virtual reality and cold vibration device are recommended
during intravenous interventions. Few studies have focused on the impact of nonpharmacological
interventions on intravenous insertion success.
Methods
A randomized controlled study evaluated effect of virtual reality and cold vibration
device application on first-attempt intravenous insertion success and procedure-related
pain, fear, and anxiety during intravenous insertion in children. Children aged 4
to 10 years (N = 150) undergoing peripheral intravenous catheterization insertion
in the pediatric emergency department were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: virtual reality,
cold vibration (Buzzy), and control group. Distraction technique of talking and asking
questions of children was used in control group. Primary outcome was first-attempt
intravenous insertion success; secondary outcomes were procedure-related pain, fear,
and anxiety. Study data were collected using Difficult Intravenous Access score, Emotional
Appearance Scale for Children, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, Color Analog Scale,
Children's Anxiety Meter-State, and Child Fear Scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square
test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results
There were no significant differences in first-attempt intravenous insertion success
rates (virtual reality = 47.2%, Buzzy® = 50%, control = 46.9%), preprocedural emotional
appearance scores, and procedure-related pain and anxiety scores. There was no difference
between groups for vital signs before, during, and at fifth minute of procedure.
Discussion
Virtual reality and Buzzy may decrease procedure-related fear in children during intravenous
insertion. This research has shown that pediatric emergency nurses can reduce pain
and anxiety by talking to children, and simple distractions such as asking questions
are as effective as more technological ones.
Key words
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Biography
Büşra Güliz Yıldırım is a PhD student, Pediatric Nursing Department, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2810.
Biography
Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker is an Associate Professor, Pediatric Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey. ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-616X.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 11, 2022
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© 2022 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
